The human development approach started in the 1980s. It emphasizes the fact that humans should be at the center of all developmental efforts. Human development should be the destination and not a means. UNDP started publishing human development reports in 1990. Human development is divided into four categories highly developed, developed, medium and low.
Features
- New concept
- Multidimensional
- Interdisciplinary subject
- Humans at the center
- concerned with increasing skill, the capacity of human
Human Development Index (HDI) measurement
Why human development
- Increase the quality of life
- Increase earning capacity
- Utilize existing resources
- Improve knowledge, skill, and capacity
- Increase entrepreneurship skills
- Contribute to nation development
HDI and Nepal
- 2013 – rank 157 with 0.463 index
- 2015 – rank 145 with 0.54 index
- 2019 – rank 147 with 0.579 index
More information in HDI can be found on UNDP HDI Nepal page
Cause of low HDI
- Conflict for 10 years
- Practical implementation of the policy was lacking
- Lack of resources and misuse of aids
- Brain drain
- Difficult bureaucratic process
- High corruption
- Misuse of welfare effort of government
- Not enough investment in sectors like education, healthcare, drinking water, electricity, and other infrastructure.
- Equitable distribution of economic achievement lacking
- Special arrangements like reservation, affirmative action, empowerment, and mainstreaming effort yet to reach the lower level
Solution
- Transparency, accountability, and efficient process in economic activity
- Proper vision, mission, goal, and strategy.
- Good governance
- Special arrangement for a downtrodden and marginalized group
- Transform agriculture from subsistence to professional
- Emphasis on infrastructure development and balanced growth
- Decrease economic imbalance and poverty gap
- Political stability, improved bureaucracy, sustainable peace
- Human development as first priority
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